{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Wichers, Harry
{Year}: 2009
{Title}: Immunomodulation by food: promising concept for mitigating allergic disease?
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
{Volume}: 395
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 37-45
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1618-2642
{Keywords}: PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; FUNCTIONAL FOODS; IMMUNE FUNCTION; BETA-GLUCAN; AUREOBASIDIUM-PULLULANS; FLAMMULINA-VELUTIPES; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DIETARY MODULATION; METABOLIC SYNDROME; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; Immunity; Immunomodulation; Allergy; Probiotics; Prebiotics; beta-Glucans Fungal immunomodulatory proteins; Diet; Nutrition
{Abstract}: The importance of a properly functioning and well-balanced immune system for maintaining health has become strikingly evident over the past decades. Roughly since World War II, there has been an apparent decrease in the prevalence of "traditional" infectious diseases, with a concomitant increase in immune-related disorders, such as allergies. Causally, a relationship with changes in life-style-related factors such as the increasing use of hygienic practices seems likely. Diet and nutrition can affect the functioning of various immune parameters. This concept can be utilised in attempts to prevent or mitigate allergic reactions via the development of targeted food products or ingredients. This review describes recent findings with respect to food products and ingredients that show potential in this respect, with special emphasis on pro- and prebiotics, beta-glucans and fungal immunomodulatory proteins. What all of these approaches have in common is that they appear to strengthen Th1-mediated immunity, thus possibly restoring defective immune maturation due to overly hygienic living conditions: a little bit of dirt does not seem bad!.
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Netherlands

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Moore, B. C.; Mathavan, K.; Guillette, LJ Jr
{Year}: 2012
{Title}: Morphology and histochemistry of juvenile male American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) phallus
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22190479&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Anat Rec (Hoboken)
{Volume}: 295
{Issue}: 2
{Pages}: 328-37
{DOI}: 10.1002/ar.21521
{Date Displayed}: 2012 Feb
{Date}: 2012-02-01
{Type of Work}: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
{Original Publication}: Copyright (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
{Accession Number}: 22190479
{Keywords}: Alligators and Crocodiles/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Animals; Biological Markers/metabolism; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Immune System; Male; Mucins/metabolism; Penile Erection/physiology; Penis/*anatomy & histology/metabolism; Reproduction/physiology
{Abstract}: Phalli of male crocodilians transfer sperm to female cloaca during sexual intercourse, resulting in internal fertilization. For over a century there have been scientific descriptions of crocodilian phallus morphologies; however, little work has presented detailed cellular-level analyses of these structures. Here we   present a histological investigation of the complex functional anatomy of the juvenile male American alligator phallus, including fibrous and vascular erectile structures, a variety of secretory epithelium morphologies, and observed immune cells. Using 3D reconstruction software, we show the shape and location of vascular erectile tissues within the phallus. Histochemical staining detected mucin-rich secretory cells in glandular epithelial cells of the phallic shaft and also of the semen-conducting ventral sulcus. Lymphoid aggregates, lymphocytes, and epithelial mucin coats suggest an active immune system in the phallus defending from both the external and intracloacal environments. These results better characterize the complexity of the alligator phallus and predict later reproductive functions during adulthood.
{Author Address}: Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. bmoore@latech.edu
{Language}: eng

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Giannenas, I.; Tsalie, E.; Chronis, Ef.; Mavridis, S.; Tontis, D.; Kyriazakis, I.
{Year}: 2011
{Title}: Consumption of Agaricus bisporus mushroom affects the performance, intestinal microbiota composition and morphology, and antioxidant status of turkey poults
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
{Volume}: 165
{Issue}: 3-4
{Pages}: 218-229
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0377-8401
{Keywords}: INDUCED LIPID OXIDATION; BROILER-CHICKENS; HERB POLYSACCHARIDES; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; YOGURT BACTERIA; EIMERIA-TENELLA; EXTRACTS; TISSUES; Agaricus bisporus; Turkey; Growth; Intestinal bacteria; Intestinal morphology; Antioxidant activity
{Abstract}: We investigated the consequences of consumption of Agaricus bisporus mushroom on turkey poults fed ad libitum a basal diet supplemented with the dried mushroom at levels of 0, 10 or 20 g/kg feed (treatments: CON, M10, M20) to 10 wk of age. Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were monitored weekly. The populations of total aerobes and anaerobes, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Escherichia coli, Bacteroides spp. and Enterococci spp. were enumerated in ileum and caecum. Morphological examinations of the intestine were carried out on segments from small intestine. To evaluate the antioxidant status of turkeys, refrigerated liver, breast and thigh muscle were assayed for levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Dietary mushroom inclusion improved (P <= 0.05) both growth performance and feed efficiency. In the ileum, lactobacilli counts were higher (P <= 0.05) in supplemented turkeys at both inclusion levels compared to controls; E. coil counts were lower (P <= 0.05) in M20 compared to M10 group. In the caecum, the lactobacilli and bifidobacteria counts were higher (P <= 0.05) in M20 compared to controls. The ratio of E. coil to lactobacilli was lower (P <= 0.05) in M20 birds compared to controls in both ileum and caecum. Morphometrical examinations revealed an increase in villus height in all three intestinal sections of supplemented birds. Mushroom supplementation elevated (P <= 0.05) GSH-Px, GR, and GST activity and reduced (P <= 0.05) MDA production in tissues compared to controls. Dietary mushroom inclusion beneficially affected performance and exerted changes in intestinal microbial communities, intestinal integrity and antioxidant protective activity, consistent with the improvements in performance. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
{Author Address}: Univ Thessaly, Lab Anim Nutr & Husb, Fac Vet, Kardhitsa 43100, Greece; Univ Thessaly, Pathol Lab, Fac Vet, Kardhitsa 43100, Greece; C Mil Vet Hosp, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece; Univ Thessaly, Lab Pharmacol & Toxicol, Fac Vet, Kardhitsa 43100, Greece; Univ Thessaly, Pathol Lab, Fac Vet, Kardhitsa 43100, Greece; Univ Thessaly, Lab Anim Nutr & Husb, Fac Vet, Kardhitsa 43100, Greece
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Greece; Greece; Greece; Greece

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Benomar, S.; Boutayeb, S.; Benzekri, L.; Senouci, K.; Errihani, H.; Hassam, B.
{Year}: 2009
{Title}: [Limited 5-fluorouracil-induced systemic scleroderma]
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19917437&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Ann Dermatol Venereol
{Volume}: 136
{Issue}: 11
{Pages}: 816-8
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.annder.2009.05.009
{Date Displayed}: 2009 Nov
{Date}: 2009-11-01
{Type of Work}: Case Reports; Letter
{Accession Number}: 19917437
{Keywords}: Adult; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/adverse effects/therapeutic use; Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use; Colectomy; Colonic Neoplasms/*drug therapy/surgery; Female; Fluorouracil/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use; Humans; Nifedipine/therapeutic use; Scleroderma, Systemic/*chemically induced/*drug therapy/pathology; Treatment Outcome
{Notes}: Sclerodermie systemique limitee induite par le 5-fluorouracil.
{Language}: fre