{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Singh, Avneesh D.; Sabaratnam, Vikineswary; Abdullah, Noorlidah; Annuar, M. S. M.; Ramachandran, K. B.
{Year}: 2010
{Title}: Decolourisation of chemically different dyes by enzymes from spent compost of Pleurotus sajor-caju and their kinetics
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
{Volume}: 9
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 41-54
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1684-5315
{Keywords}: BRILLIANT-BLUE-R; WHITE-ROT FUNGI; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; VERATRYL ALCOHOL; AZO DYES; MUSHROOM COMPOST; SYNTHETIC DYES; CRYSTAL-VIOLET; BIODEGRADATION; Synthetic dye decolourisation; spent mushroom compost; Pleurotus sajor-caju; dye kinetics
{Abstract}: A total of eight dyes from the triphenylmethane, azo and polymeric/heterocyclic dye group were decolourized by enzyme cocktail extracted from five month old spent compost of Pleurotus sajor-caju with lignin peroxidase as the main enzyme. The percentage of decolourisation for tryphan blue, amido black, remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR) and bromophenol blue ranged between 80 - 90% after 4 h reaction. However, the percentage of decolourisation for crystal violet, methyl green and congo red was lower than the other dyes from the same dye group with only 60 - 65% after 12 h. Methylene blue exhibited the least decolourisation with only 43% after 24 h indicating that this dye is a poor substrate for the enzyme. The rate of decolourisation for crystal violet, tryphan blue, amido black, congo red and RBBR dyes by enzymes from spent mushroom compost (SMC) were also calculated. The rate of decolourisation for all the dyes was positively affected by the initial dye concentration, pH between 4.0 - 4.5 and temperature range of 30 - 35 C. The optimum concentration of veratryl alcohol as redox mediator was between 0 - 2 mM for all the dyes except for RBBR. The optimum veratryl alcohol concentration for RBBR was 4 mM. Based on the effect of hydrogen peroxide on the rate of decolourisation of each dye, the dyes could be divided into two groups. From the results of the present study, it could be concluded that the enzymes extracted from the spent compost of P. sajor-caju offers an economical advantage of obtaining industrially important enzymes, which have potential in the bioremediation of synthetic dyes. Furthermore, the utilization of spent compost for the extraction of enzymes can also offer a possible solution for the problem posed due to the disposal of large amounts of spent mushroom compost.
{Author Address}: Univ Malaya, Inst Postgrad Studies, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Univ Malaya, Inst Biol Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Univ Malaya, Inst Biol Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Univ Malaya, Inst Biol Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Indian Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Malaysia; Malaysia; India

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Sharma, Kamal; Mishra, Ajay Kumar; Misra, Raj Shekhar
{Year}: 2008
{Title}: A simple and efficient method for extraction of genomic DNA from tropical tuber crops
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
{Volume}: 7
{Issue}: 8
{Pages}: 1018-1022
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1684-5315
{Keywords}: POLYSACCHARIDE; DNA isolation; RAPD; restriction enzyme digestion; tuber crops
{Abstract}: DNA extraction in many plants is difficult because of metabolites that interfere with DNA isolation procedures and subsequent applications, such as DNA restriction, amplification and cloning. We have developed a reliable and efficient method for isolating genomic DNA free from polysaccharide, polyphenols and protein contaminants from tropical tuber crops ( Elephant foot yam, Cassava, Sweet potato Taro and Tannia). The method involves inactivation of contaminant proteins by using CTAB/Proteinase K and precipitation of polysaccharides in the presence of high concentration of salt. The purity of genomic DNA was confirmed by A(260/280) and A(260/230) ratios calculated from the spectrophotometric readings and further by restriction analysis of the isolated DNA using restriction enzymes EcoRI and Hind III. The described protocol also resulted in the isolation of sufficiently higher yield of DNA from leaf sample of tropical tuber crops. The new protocol can be successfully used for both small and large scale preparation of genomic DNA from leaf tissues of tuber crops which is highly suitable for further down stream processes like PCR amplification and restriction digestion analysis.
{Author Address}: Cent Tuber Crops Res Inst, Thiruvananthapuram 695017, Kerala, India; Cent Tuber Crops Res Inst, Thiruvananthapuram 695017, Kerala, India; Cent Tuber Crops Res Inst, Thiruvananthapuram 695017, Kerala, India
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: India

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Saidu, Mohammed; Salim, Mohd Razman; Yuzir, Muhamad Ali Mohamed
{Year}: 2011
{Title}: Cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) on palm oil mesocarp fibre
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
{Volume}: 10
{Issue}: 71
{Pages}: 15973-15976
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1684-5315
{Keywords}: JACQ. P. KUMM.; EDIBLE MUSHROOMS; LIGNOCELLULOSIC WASTES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; OSTREATUS; BIOCONVERSION; Pleurotus; mycelium; mushroom; spawn; cultivation; mesocarp fibre
{Abstract}: Oyster mushroom is a popular mushroom due to its nutritional, medicinal and potential commercial value. In Malaysia, the fungus is currently cultivated on sawdust and rice husk. In this study, the efficiency of cultivating oyster mushroom was assessed using palm oil mesocarp fibre as a substrate. The experiment consisted of four samples; sample A (composed of 100% mesocarp fibre), sample B (composed of 88% fiber, 10% rice bran and 2% lime), sample C (composed of 85% fiber, 10% rice bran and 5% lime), and sample D (composed of 50% fibre, 10% rice bran, 38% sawdust and 2% lime). Different spawn running time was determined and fruiting bodies were also observed. Results indicate that samples B, C, and D fruiting bodies were higher and better than that in sample A, thus establishing that palm oil fibre served as a good substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus spp. A further study on the protein composition of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) is however suggested.
{Author Address}: Univ Teknol Malaysia, Fac Civil Engn, Dept Environm Engn, Johor Baharu 81310, Johor, Malaysia; Univ Teknol Malaysia, Fac Civil Engn, Dept Environm Engn, Johor Baharu 81310, Johor, Malaysia; Univ Teknol Malaysia, Fac Civil Engn, Dept Environm Engn, Johor Baharu 81310, Johor, Malaysia
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Malaysia

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Mena-Espino, Xenia; Barahona-Perez, Felipe; Alzate-Gaviria, Liliana; Rodriguez-Vazquez, Refugio; Tzec-Sima, Miguel; Dominguez-Maldonado, Jorge; Canto-Canche, Blondy B.
{Year}: 2011
{Title}: Saccharification with Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus enzymatic extracts of pretreated banana waste
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
{Volume}: 10
{Issue}: 19
{Pages}: 3824-3834
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1684-5315
{Keywords}: ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; PYRANOSE OXIDASE; LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; TRAMETES-VERSICOLOR; HYDROLYSIS; FERMENTATION; BIOMASS; BASIDIOMYCETE; OPTIMIZATION; Banana waste; lignocellulosic; pretreatments; saccharification; reducing sugars
{Abstract}: Lignocellulosic biomass has a great potential as raw material for second and third generation biofuels since it is the most abundant carbohydrate on earth and the main component of agricultural waste; however, saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass is crucial for the establishment of a carbohydrate-based economy. The use of fungal enzymes is the preferred procedure for lignocellulosic saccharification. Fungi such as basidiomycetes (e. g Phanerochaete chrysosporium) produce cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic and ligninolytic enzymes, which are responsible for lignocellulose degradation. In this study the saccharification of banana flour prepared from pseudostem and green non commercial-grade fruit (1:1), two of the main agro-waste of banana industry was investigated. The material was pretreated by physical and chemical processes including drying and grinding, followed by 3% HCl or 3% NaOH hydrolysis, or a sequential pretreatment with 3% HCl first and then 3% NaOH and heated at 121 degrees C, at 15 Lb/in(2) for 15 min. The highest concentration of reducing sugars (RS) was obtained with acid hydrolysis (42.41 gL(-1)). Crude cellulolytic-ligninolytic enzymatic extracts from Pleurotus ostreatus and P. chrysosporium cultured on banana waste as the only carbon source were prepared and used for the saccharification. Surprisingly, P. chrysosporium crude extract produced a decrease in RS (2.27 gL(-1)). Although P. ostreatus cellulose activity (17,777.78 UL(-1)) was almost half compared to P. chrysosporium's (31,296.30 UL(-1)), the former produced an increment in the release of RS (63.65 gL(-1)). In Mexico, banana is one of the main crops and generates large agricultural waste after harvest. According to the results obtained with acid-heat pretreatment followed by saccharification with P. ostreatus enzymatic crude extract, banana agro-waste can be considered as a potential feedstock for RS-based bioproducts like bioethanol.
{Author Address}: Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan AC, Unidad Biotecnol, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico; Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan AC, Unidad Energia Renovable, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico; Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan AC, Unidad Energia Renovable, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico;
<AuCollectiveName>Rodriguez-Vazquez, Refugio</AuCollectiveName>
</fullauthorname>
<author>Tzec-Sima, M</author>
<fullauthorname>
<AuRole>Author</AuRole>
<AuLastName>Tzec-Sima</AuLastName>
<AuFirstName>Miguel</AuFirstName>
<address number="1">Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan AC, Unidad Biotecnol, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico; Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan AC, Unidad Energia Renovable, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico; Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan AC, Unidad Biotecnol, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Mexico; Mexico