{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Bleve, G.; Lezzi, C.; Spagnolo, S.; Tasco, G.; Tufariello, M.; Casadio, R.; Mita, G.; Rampino, P.; Grieco, F.
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Role of the C-terminus of Pleurotus eryngii Ery4 laccase in determining enzyme structure, catalytic properties and stability
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22996391&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Protein Eng Des Sel
{Volume}: 26
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 1-13
{DOI}: 10.1093/protein/gzs056
{Date Displayed}: 2013 Jan
{Date}: 2013-01-01
{Type of Work}: Journal Article
{Accession Number}: 22996391
{Abstract}: The ERY4 laccase gene of Pleurotus eryngii is not biologically active when expressed in yeast. To explain this finding, we analysed the role of the C-terminus of Ery4 protein by producing a number of its different mutant variants. Two different categories of ERY4 mutant genes were produced and expressed in yeast: (i) mutants carrying C-terminal deletions and (ii) mutants carrying different site-specific mutations at their C-terminus. Investigation of   the catalytic properties of the recombinant enzymes indicated that each novel variant acquired different affinities and catalytic activity for various substrates. Our results highlight that C-terminal processing is fundamental for Ery4 laccase enzymatic activities allowing substrate accessibility to the enzyme   catalytic core. Apparently, the last 18 amino acids in the C-terminal end of the   Ery4 laccase play a critical role in enzyme activity, stability and kinetic and,   in particular biochemical and structural data indicate that the K532 residue is fundamental for enzyme activation. These studies shed light on the structure/function relationships of fungal laccases and will enhance the development of biotechnological strategies for the industrial exploitation of these enzymes.
{Author Address}: CNR-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA), Lecce, Italy.
{Language}: eng

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Yu, Fang; Li, Huali; Meng, Yu; Yang, Di
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Extraction optimization of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides and its antioxidant activity in vivo
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861713000672
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{Volume}: 94
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 114-119
{Date Displayed}: 2013/4/15/
{Alternate Title}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0144-8617
{Keywords}: CCl4; Angelica sinensis; Hepatoprotective activity; Antioxidant enzymes; Histopathology
{Abstract}: Extraction of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides (ASP) was optimized by the utilization of response surface methodology, RSM. Through the analysis, extraction time and water/solid were found to be the most significant factors. Based on contour plots and variance analysis, optimum operational conditions for maximizing polysaccharides yield (5.6%) were found to be extraction time 130 min, water/solid 5, and extraction number 5. A. sinensis polysaccharides (150 and 300 mg/kg) were administered for 15 days. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransfere (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were significantly restored toward normalization by the extracts (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight). ASP (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight) significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes. It can be concluded that ASP possesses significant protective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). This protective effect appears due to ASP antioxidant properties.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Li, Bo; Dobruchowska, Justyna M.; Gerwig, Gerrit J.; Dijkhuizen, Lubbert; Kamerling, Johannis P.
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Structural investigation of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the fruit bodies of Coprinus comatus
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
{Volume}: 91
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 314-321
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0144-8617
{Keywords}: MICE; TRANSGLYCOSYLATION; MANNOFUCOGALACTAN; MUSHROOMS; MYCELIA; ENZYME; Coprinus comatus; Fruit bodies; Fucogalactan; Glucan; NMR spectroscopy; Polysaccharides
{Abstract}: Water-soluble polysaccharide material, extracted from the stipes of the fruit bodies of Coprinus comatus by hot water, was fractionated by sequential weak anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The relevant fractions were subjected to structural analysis, including (D/L) monosaccharide/methylation analysis and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. Besides the disaccharide alpha,alpha-trehalose [alpha-D-Glcp-(1 <-> 1)-alpha-D-Glcp], high-molecular-mass alpha-D-glucans (the most abundant component) consisting of [-> 4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 ->](n) backbones with similar to 10% branching at C-6 by terminal alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)- or alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)- units, lower-molecular-mass linear beta-D-glucans consisting of [-> 6)-beta-D-Glcp-(1 ->](m) sequences, and a lower-molecular-mass pentasaccharide-repeating alpha-L-fuco-alpha-D-galactan, {-> 6)-alpha-D-Galp-(1 -> 6)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1 -> 2)-]alpha-D-Galp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Calp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Galp-(1 ->}(p), were found to be present. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
{Author Address}: Henan Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Food Sci, Xinxiang City 453003, Henan Province, Peoples R China; Univ Groningen, Groningen Biomol Sci & Biotechnol Inst GBB, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands; Univ Groningen, Groningen Biomol Sci & Biotechnol Inst GBB, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands; Univ Groningen, Groningen Biomol Sci & Biotechnol Inst GBB, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands; Univ Utrecht, NMR Spect, Bijvoet Ctr Biomol Res, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands; Univ Groningen, Groningen Biomol Sci & Biotechnol Inst GBB, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands; Univ Groningen, Groningen Biomol Sci & Biotechnol Inst GBB, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands; Univ Utrecht, NMR Spect, Bijvoet Ctr Biomol Res, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Peoples R China; Netherlands; Netherlands

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Huang, Yuhong; Jin, Yanling; Fang, Yang; Li, Yuhao; Zhao, Hai
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Simultaneous utilization of non-starch polysaccharides and starch and viscosity reduction for bioethanol fermentation from fresh Canna edulis Ker. tubers
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852412014964
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Bioresource Technology
{Volume}: 128
{Issue}: 0
{Pages}: 560-564
{Date Displayed}: 2013/1//
{Alternate Title}: Bioresource Technology
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0960-8524
{Keywords}: Bioethanol; Canna edulis Ker.; Cell-wall degrading enzymes; Non-starch polysaccharides; Starch granules
{Abstract}: Viscosity reduction and the effect of cell-wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) were investigated using Canna edulis Ker. for bioethanol fermentation. The fermentation mash treated with CWDEs was much thinner (2.12 Pa s) than the control mash (8.42 Pa s), the fermentation efficiency was increased from 90.46% to 96.11%. HPLC analysis revealed that after treated with CWDEs, glucose and total sugar were increased by 28.07% and 7.60%, respectively. Changes in the starch granules were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results suggested that the reduction in viscosity was caused by changes in saccharide composition and physical changes of the starch granules. This present study is of significance that non-starch polysaccharides and starch can be simultaneously utilized for bioethanol production using roots and tubers as feedstock.