{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Patil, Virupaksh U.; Gopal, J.; Singh, B. P.
{Year}: 2012
{Title}: Improvement for Bacterial Wilt Resistance in Potato By Conventional and Biotechnological Approaches
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Place Published}: Barakhamba Road 110001, New Delhi, 110 001, India
{Journal}: Agricultural Research
{Volume}: 1
{Issue}: 4
{Pages}: 299-316
{Date Displayed}: 2012
{ISBN/ISSN}: 2249720X
{Original Publication}: Springer India
{Keywords}: Plants (botany); Bacteria; Biotechnology; Cultivation; Diagnosis; Genes; Pathogens
{Abstract}: Bacterial wilt (BW) of potato caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) is considered a serious problem particularly in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions. Chemical-, cultural- and biological control of BW has limited success. Thus, the control of BW through resistance breeding and biotechnology is considered to be very important and necessary. Rs is considered a 'species complex' and has significant variation at physiological, serological and genetic levels. The bacterium has an unusually wide host range with over 400 hosts belonging to more than 50 botanical families. A large number of Solanum species have been screened for resistance to this bacterium, but so far no Solanum species has been found to have complete immunity. A high degree of resistance to Rs was found only in S. phureja, a diploid relative of cultivated tetraploid potatoes. The resistance has been transferred from S. phureja to cultivated potatoes through introgression breeding as well as somatic hybridization. Although moderate to highly resistant potato varieties have been released, high frequency of latent infection in tubers is still a major problem. Further, the resistant cultivars are not adapted to different agro-climatic zones and are not effective against all the strains of the pathogen. Biotechnological approaches involving the use of antimicrobial peptides, plant defence genes and plant resistance genes are being tried. This paper reviews the global situation with regard to screening of genetic resources and their utilization in resistance breeding for BW in potato and also the status and the opportunities that biotechnology offers to combat this disease.   2012 NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Sciences).
{Notes}: Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
20131016083439
Breeding
Brown rot
Genetics
Potato
Ralstonia solanacearum
Solanum spp
Transgenics
{Author Address}: Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Crop Improvement, Central Potato Research Institute, Bemloe, Shimla, 171 001 Himachal Pradesh, India

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Pruett, Grechen E.; Bruhn, Johann N.; Mihail, Jeanne D.
{Year}: 2008
{Title}: Colonization of Pedunculate oak by the Burgundy truffle fungus is greater with natural than with pelletized lime
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
{Volume}: 72
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 41-50
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0167-4366
{Keywords}: SYN. TUBER-UNCINATUM; GOTLAND; cultivation; mycorrhizae; Quercus robur; Tuber aestivum; Tuber uncinatum
{Abstract}: European black truffles can be profitable agroforestry crops outside their native ranges. Truffle fungi grow symbiotically as ectomycorrhizae on the roots of host trees, notably hazels and oaks. Conditions in the central USA appear conducive to cultivation of the Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vitt. syn. T. uncinatum Chatin), but research is needed to determine effects of management practices on truffle establishment and fruiting. In a greenhouse study we tested the effect of lime type, inoculation technique, and two truffle sources on Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) growth and mycorrhizal colonization. We found that the type of lime used to raise potting mix pH can differentially affect the growth rate of root systems inoculated with different selections of Burgundy truffle inoculum. Seedlings inoculated with one selection of the truffle and grown in potting mixes amended with natural crushed dolomitic limestone developed larger root systems with more truffle mycorrhizae compared with potting mix amended with high-calcium pelletized quick-release lime. Seedlings inoculated with a second truffle selection were not affected by lime source and developed root systems as large as those developed with the first truffle source grown with natural lime. Supplemental root dip inoculation did not improve levels of colonization beyond those accomplished by potting mix infestation with truffle ascospores. Use of a hygroscopic polymer to maintain ascospore suspension in the inoculum slurry used to infest the potting mix had no effect on root system development or mycorrhiza formation.
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: USA

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Hanifi, Siham; Hadrami, Ismail El
{Year}: 2008
{Title}: Phytotoxicity and fertilising potential of olive mill wastewaters for maize cultivation - Springer
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Agronomy for Sustainable Development
{Volume}: Volume 28
{Issue}: Issue 2
{Pages}: pp 313-319
{DOI}: 10.1051/agro:2007047
{Date}: 2008-06-01
{Abstract}: The use of organic wastes as agricultural amendment is an effective strategy to regenerate degraded soils and represents an economical alternative that provides a local source of fertiliser. Olive mill wastewaters are widely known for their fertilising value. However, they can still not be recommended as a safe practice because of their potential ecological risks. Here, the effect of olive mill wastewaters on maize is investigated. Olive mill wastewater samples were collected in semi-modern and traditional mills of the Marrakech area, Morocco. Samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity and total phenolic content. Major phenolic compounds were identified and quantified. Phytotoxicity was assayed in the laboratory using maize seedlings, and under field conditions. Field fertilisation was conducted through land application accompanied or not by foliar spray according to a fractionated application mode. Our results show a high variability in physicochemical characteristics of wastewaters, notably for phenolic profiles. Variable toxicity levels were also attributed to each sample according to its salinity and phenolic load. Under field conditions, a 9% reduction of seedling emergence was observed in olive mill wastewater-pre-treated soil as compared with the control. However, olive mill wastewater-fertilised plots showed a net improvement in plant height of 10–11% compared with the control. A yield improvement reached 28% over that of the control when the plants were amended both by land application and foliar spray. These results show that the large variability in olive mill wastewaters composition constitutes a major limiting factor for their re-use in agricultural systems. Olive mill wastewaters can be used as a safe agronomic amendment provided the application is moderate and progressive and critical development stages are avoided, notably the preliminary development stages. Foliar fertilisation using olive mill wastewaters is also revealed to be a promising way to manage these effluents.
{Subject}: Agriculture;Soil Science & Conservation;Sustainable Development

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Ziems, Jesse R.; Hoback, W. Wyatt; Higley, Leon G.; Hunt, Thomas E.; Fernandes, Odair A.; Bastos, Cristina; De Freitas Bueno, Adeney
{Year}: 2008
{Title}: Second generation European corn borer injury and Irish potato physiology, yield, and quality
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Place Published}: 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711-1086, United States
{Journal}: Agronomy Journal
{Volume}: 100
{Issue}: 3
{Pages}: 720-725
{Date Displayed}: 2008
{ISBN/ISSN}: 00021962
{Original Publication}: American Society of Agronomy
{Keywords}: Crops; Cultivation; Economic analysis; Harvesting; Physiology
{Abstract}: European corn borer (ECB) [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)] (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is known to infest Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) but only causes economic damage during the first generation in East Coast potato producing areas. However, in Nebraska, second generation ECB infest potato plants during the bulking period and may reduce yield and/or potato quality. Experiments were conducted in 2001, 2002, and 2003 to examine physiological and yield effects of second generation ECB injury to potato in Nebraska. Pike, Atlantic, and three Frito Lay proprietary varieties (FL1867, FL1879, and FL1833) were used. Experimental plots were infested with four ECB egg masses per plant to simulate ECB infestation by second-generation larvae; controls received no egg masses. Photosynthetic rates, tuber weights, tuber size grades, solids, and fry quality were measured. Potato plants with ECB infestation had significantly reduced photosynthetic rates on ECB-infested stems and on uninfested stems on the same plant when larvae were in the fifth instar. When insects were in the fourth instar, photosynthetic rates were reduced only on ECB-infested stems. In 2001, ECB infestation reduced the average mass of large tubers and increased the amount of small tubers in FL1867 and FL1879. In 2002, significant yield reductions were not observed. Across both years, ECB-infested plots produced fewer large (65- to 100-mm diam.) tubers than control plots. Other tuber properties and chip qualities were unaffected. This study indicates that second generation ECB infestation of approximately 30% infested plants results in economic loss for some chipping varieties and affects tuber bulking. In contrast to east coast growers, Midwest potato farmers must be concerned with second generation ECB. Copyright   2008 by the American Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.
{Notes}: Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
20082311305366
Economic damage
European corn borer (ECB)
{Author Address}: CSS Farms, 2016 32 Rd., Minden, NE 68959, United States