{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Suarez Arango, Carolina; Jeannette Nieto, Ivonne
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Biotechnological cultivation of edible macrofungi: An alternative for obtaining nutraceutics
{Tag}: 5
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE MICOLOGIA
{Volume}: 30
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 1-8
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1130-1406
{Keywords}: LENTINUS-EDODES; SUBMERGED CULTURE; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION; POLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION; MYCELIAL GROWTH; INTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES; PLEUROTUS-MUTILIS; GRIFOLA-UMBELLATA; GANODERMA-LUCIDUM; Submerged fermentation; Edible macromycetes; Nutraceuticals; Functional food; Bioactive compounds
{Abstract}: Macromycetes have been part of the human culture for thousand years, and have been reported as food in the most important civilizations in history. Many nutraceutical properties of macromycetes have been described, such as anti-cancer, anti-tumour, cholesterol lowering, antiviral, antibacterial, or immunomodulatory, among others. Given that production of mushrooms by traditional cultivation and extraction of bioactive metabolites is very difficult in some cases, biotechnology is essential for the development of profitable and productive techniques for obtaining these metabolites. It is the development of this technology, and the ease in which it enables the use of its variables that has allowed mycelium to be cultivated in liquid medium of macrofungi, with a significant reduction in time and an increased production of metabolites. This increased production has led to the study of compounds that have medicinal, nutriceutical and quasi-farmaceutical potential, in the exhausted media and the mycelium. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the use of liquid-state fermentation as a technological tool for obtaining edible fungi, and the study of these and their metabolites, by describing the different cultivation conditions used in recent years, as well as the results obtained. The relevance of Agaricus, Flammulina, Grifola, Pleurotus and Lentinula genera, will also be discussed, with emphasis on the last one, since Shiitake has been always considered as the ultimate medicinal mushroom. (C) 2011 Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.
{Author Address}: Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Ciencias, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Quim, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: Spanish
{Country}: Colombia; Colombia

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Vamanu, Emanuel
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Two Edible Mushroom Mycelia Obtained in the Presence of Different Nitrogen Sources
{Tag}: 5
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD
{Volume}: 16
{Issue}: 2
{Pages}: 155-166
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1096-620X
{Keywords}: LEUCOPAXILLUS-GIGANTEUS MYCELIUM; RADICAL SCAVENGING CAPACITY; TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS; PLEUROTUS-OSTREATUS; DIFFERENT EXTRACTS; FRUITING BODIES; REDUCING POWER; COPRINUS-COMATUS; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; OYSTER MUSHROOM; free radical scavenging activity; natural food; phenolic compounds; reducing power
{Abstract}: The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of two edible mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus PBS281009 and Coprinus comatus M8102) were evaluated in this study. The mycelium ethanolic extract obtained in the presence of four different nitrogen sources was investigated with regard to their production of phenolic compounds, beta-carotene, lycopene, and their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Significant differences in phenol and beta-carotene concentrations in mycelia grown in different nitrogen sources were observed. Corn extract proved to be the most appropriate source for increasing bioactive properties, leading to the lowest EC50 and minimum inhibitory concentration values in the P. ostreatus PBS281009 species, while peptone was the most suitable for the C. comatus M8102 species. The antimicrobial capacity was screened against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against two species of Candida. These results indicate that the mycelia from these two edible mushrooms can be used as nutraceuticals and functional products.
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Romania

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Finimundy, T. C.; Gambato, G.; Fontana, R.; Camassola, M.; Salvador, M.; Moura, S.; Hess, J.; Henriques, J. A. P.; Dillon, A. J. P.; Roesch-Ely, M.
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Aqueous extracts of Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus sajor-caju exhibit high antioxidant capability and promising in vitro antitumor activity
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: NUTRITION RESEARCH
{Volume}: 33
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 76-84
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0271-5317
{Keywords}: WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDE; TUMOR-CELL-LINES; EDIBLE MUSHROOM; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; SHIITAKE MUSHROOMS; CULTURE-MEDIUM; FRACTION; MYCELIA; SCHIZOPHYLLAN; FEASIBILITY; Lentinula edodes; Pleurotus sajor-caju; Hep-2; HeLa; Tumor cell lines
{Abstract}: Mushroom extracts are increasingly sold as dietary supplements because of several of their properties, including the enhancement of immune function and antitumor activity. We hypothesized that soluble polar substances present in mushroom extracts may show antioxidant and anticancer properties. This report shows that Brazilian aqueous extracts of Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus sajor-caju exert inhibitory activity against the proliferation of the human tumor cell lines laryngeal carcinoma (Hep-2) and cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa). Cell viability was determined after using 3 different temperatures (4 degrees C, 22 degrees C, and 50 degrees C) for mushroom extraction. Biochemical assays carried out in parallel indicated higher amounts of polyphenols in the L edodes extracts at all extraction temperatures investigated. The scavenging ability of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical showed higher activity for L edodes extracts. Superoxide dismutase like activity showed no statistically significant difference among the groups for the 2 tested extracts, and catalase-like activity was increased with the L edodes extracts at 4 degrees C. The results for the cytotoxic activity from P sajor-caju extracts at 22 degrees C revealed the half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 0.64% +/- 0.02% for Hep-2 and 0.25% +/- 0.02% for HeLa. A higher cytotoxic activity was found for the L edodes extract at 22 degrees C, with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 0.78% +/- 0.02% for Hep-2 and 0.57% +/- 0.01% for HeLa. Substantial morphological modifications in cells were confirmed by Giemsa staining after treatment with either extract, suggesting inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis with increasing extract concentrations. These results indicate that the aqueous extracts of Brazilian L edodes and P sajor-caju mushrooms are potential sources of antioxidant and anticancer compounds. However, further investigations are needed to exploit their valuable therapeutic uses and to elucidate their modes of action. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
{Author Address}: Univ Caxias Sul, Lab Genom Prote & DNA Repair, BR-95070560 Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil; Univ Caxias Sul, Lab Genom Prote & DNA Repair, BR-95070560 Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil; Univ Caxias Sul, Lab Enzyme & Biomass, BR-95070560 Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil; Univ Caxias Sul, Lab Enzyme & Biomass, BR-95070560 Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil; Univ Caxias Sul, Lab Oxidat Stress & Antioxidants, BR-95070560 Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil; Univ Caxias Sul, Lab Essential Oils, Inst Biotechnol, BR-95070560 Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil; Univ Heidelberg Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Canc Res Ctr, DKFZ ZMBH Alliance, Jr Res Grp Mol Mech Head & Neck Tumors A102, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Univ Caxias Sul, Lab Genom Prote & DNA Repair, BR-95070560 Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil; Univ Caxias Sul, Lab Enzyme & Biomass, BR-95070560 Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil; Univ Caxias Sul, Lab Genom Prote & DNA Repair, BR-95070560 Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Brazil; Brazil; Brazil; Brazil; Germany; Germany