{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Staals, R. H.; Pruijn, G. J.
{Year}: 2010
{Title}: The human exosome and disease
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=21618880&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Adv Exp Med Biol
{Volume}: 702
{Pages}: 132-42
{Date Displayed}: 2010
{Date}: 2010-01-20
{Type of Work}: Journal Article; Review
{Accession Number}: 21618880
{Keywords}: Autoantibodies/immunology; Autoantigens/immunology; *Autoimmune Diseases; Exoribonucleases/chemistry/*immunology; Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex; Exosomes/chemistry/*immunology; Humans; Neoplasms/immunology; Nuclear Proteins/immunology; RNA/metabolism
{Abstract}: Long before the RNA degrading exosome was first described in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the use of autoantibodies found in the sera of certain   autoimmune patients allowed the identification of a complex of polypeptides which later appeared to be the human exosome. Today, the most extensively documented association of the exosome with disease is still its targeting by the immune system of such patients. The highest frequency of autoantibodies to components of the exosome complex is found in polymyositis-scleroderma overlap patients and therefore the exosome is termed PM/Scl autoantigen in the autoimmune field. More   recently, one of the core components of the exosome was identified as a protein associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia. In this chapter we will describe the identification of the PM/Scl autoantigen from a historical perspective, discuss our current knowledge on the occurrence of autoantibodies to exosome components in autoimmune diseases and end with the data that connect the exosome   with cancer.
{Author Address}: Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
{Language}: eng

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Alam, Nuhu; Yoon, Ki Nam; Cha, Youn Jeong; Kim, Jeong Hwa; Lee, Kyung Rim; Lee, Tae Soo
{Year}: 2011
{Title}: Appraisal of the antioxidant, phenolic compounds concentration, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Pleurotus salmoneostramineus
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
{Volume}: 6
{Issue}: 6
{Pages}: 1555-1563
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1991-637X
{Keywords}: HOT-WATER EXTRACTS; RADICAL SCAVENGERS; MUSHROOMS; FRUIT; IDENTIFICATION; DERIVATIVES; FLAVONOIDS; ACID; Antioxidant; phenolic compounds; Pleurotus salmoneostramineus; tyrosinase inhibition; xanthine oxidase
{Abstract}: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities, tyrosinase inhibitory effects on the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus salmoneostramineus extracted with acetone, methanol and hot water. The antioxidant activities were performed on beta-carotene-linoleic acid, reducing power, DPPH, ferrous ions chelating abilities, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. In addition to this, phenolic compounds were also detected. Acetonic, methanolic and hot water extracts of P. salmoneostramineus showed the similar pattern of beta-carotene-linoleic acid inhibition. At 8 mg/ml, methanolic extract showed a high reducing power of 1.62. The scavenging effects on DPPH, acetonic and methanolic extracts were effective than hot water extract. The strongest chelating effect was obtained from the acetonic and methanolic extracts at 1.0 mg/ml. Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, formononetin, and biochanin-A were detected from acetonitrile and 0.1N hydrochloric acid (5:1) solvent extract. The xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the acetonic, methanolic, and hot water extracts increased with increasing concentration. The results suggested that fruiting bodies of P. salmoneostramineus may have potential as a natural antioxidants.
{Author Address}: Univ Incheon, Div Life Sci, Inchon 406840, South Korea; Univ Incheon, Div Life Sci, Inchon 406840, South Korea; Univ Incheon, Div Life Sci, Inchon 406840, South Korea; Univ Incheon, Div Life Sci, Inchon 406840, South Korea; Univ Incheon, Div Life Sci, Inchon 406840, South Korea; Univ Incheon, Div Life Sci, Inchon 406840, South Korea
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: South Korea

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Selvi, S.; Umadevi, P.; Murugan, S.; Senapathy, Giftson J.
{Year}: 2011
{Title}: Anticancer potential evoked by Pleurotus florida and Calocybe indica using T-24 urinary bladder cancer cell line
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
{Volume}: 10
{Issue}: 37
{Pages}: 7279-7285
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1684-5315
{Keywords}: MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS; APOPTOSIS; AGENTS; ANTITUMOR; POLYSACCHARIDES; ANTIOXIDANT; EXTRACTION; OSTREATUS; THERAPY; Bladder cancer; MTT; DNA fragmentation; mushroom; antitumour
{Abstract}: Cancer is the second largest non-communicable disease and it has a sizable contribution in the total number of deaths. Cancer of the urinary bladder ranks fourth in men and eighth in women with an alarming increase in cancer patients of this type every year. Tobacco smoking is considered to be one of the causes of bladder cancer and a number of organic chemicals used in the industry are known to be carcinogenic to the bladder. Chemical and dyestuff manufacturers are at particularly high risk of bladder cancer. Edible fungi are used as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancers. This study was employed to find out the therapeutic potential of two medicinal mushroom varieties namely Pleurotus florida and Calocybe indica against T24 urinary bladder cancer cell lines. The therapeutic potential of the two medicinal mushroom varieties, P. florida and C. indica against T24 urinary bladder cancer cell lines were determined by the MTT assay and DNA fragmentation assay. The results obtained from the MTT assay and DNA fragmentation assay in this study showed the anti-tumour potential of these two mushroom varieties against T24 bladder cancer cell lines. Thus, the mushroom varieties P. florida and C. indica can be employed as potential anticancer drugs against bladder carcinoma.
{Author Address}: Bharathidasan Coll Arts & Sci Erode, Dept Biochem, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India; Karunya Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Sch Biotechnol & Hlth Sci, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; Karunya Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Sch Biotechnol & Hlth Sci, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; Karunya Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Sch Biotechnol & Hlth Sci, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: India; India

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Alam, Nuhu; Yoon, Ki Nam; Lee, Tae Soo
{Year}: 2011
{Title}: Evaluation of the antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of three extracts from Pleurotus nebrodensis fruiting bodies
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
{Volume}: 10
{Issue}: 15
{Pages}: 2978-2986
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1684-5315
{Keywords}: OXIDASE INHIBITORY-ACTIVITY; HOT-WATER EXTRACTS; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; TYROSINASE INHIBITORS; RADICAL SCAVENGERS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; MUSHROOMS; IDENTIFICATION; DERIVATIVES; FLAVONOIDS; Antioxidant; phenolic compounds; Pleurotus nebrodensis; tyrosinase inhibition; xanthine oxidase
{Abstract}: Pleurotus nebrodensis has been widely used for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibitory effects on the fruiting bodies of P. nebrodensis extracted with acetone, methanol and hot water. The antioxidant activities were performed on beta-carotene-linoleic acid, reducing power, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferrous ions chelating abilities and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. In addition to this, phenolic compounds were also detected. The acetonic and methanolic extracts of P. nebrodensis showed the strongest beta-carotene-linoleic acid inhibition as compare to hot water extract. At 8 mg/ml, the acetonic extract showed a high reducing power of 1.86. The scavenging activity on DPPH radicals, the acetonic and methanolic extracts were effective than that of hot water extract. At lower concentrations, chelating effect of tested mushroom was significantly effective as compare to positive control. Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, naringenin, hesperetin, formononetin and biochanin-A were detected from acetonitrile and hydrochloric acid solvent extract. The xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the acetonic, methanolic and hot water extracts increased with increase of concentration. This study suggests that fruiting bodies of P. nebrodensis can potentially be used as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants.
{Author Address}: Univ Incheon, Div Life Sci, Inchon 406840, South Korea; Univ Incheon, Div Life Sci, Inchon 406840, South Korea; Univ Incheon, Div Life Sci, Inchon 406840, South Korea
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: South Korea