{Reference Type}: Journal Article

{Author}: Harshavardhan Doddapaneni；Venkataramanan Subramanian；Bolei Fu；Dan Cullen

{Year}: 2013

{Title}:A comparative genomic analysis of the oxidative enzymes potentially involved in lignin degradation by Agaricus bisporus

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{Journal}: Agaricus bisporus – beyond the genome

{Volume}: 55

{Issue}: 0

{Pages}: 22-31

{ISBN/ISSN}: 1087-1845

{Keywords}: Agaricus bisporus；Oxidase；Peroxidase；Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase；Comparative genomics；Litter-rot fungi

{Abstract}:The oxidative enzymatic machinery for degradation of organic substrates in Agaricus bisporus (Ab) is at the core of the carbon recycling mechanisms in this fungus. To date, 156 genes have been tentatively identified as part of this oxidative enzymatic machinery, which includes 26 peroxidase encoding genes, nine copper radical oxidase [including three putative glyoxal oxidase-encoding genes (GLXs)], 12 laccases sensu stricto and 109 cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Comparative analyses of these enzymes in Ab with those of the white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, the brown-rot fungus, Postia placenta, the coprophilic litter fungus, Coprinopsis cinerea and theectomychorizal fungus, Laccaria bicolor, revealed enzyme diversity consistent with adaptation to substrates rich in humic substances and partially degraded plant material. For instance, relative to wood decay fungi, Ab cytochrome P450 genes were less numerous (109 gene models), distributed among distinctive families, and lacked extensive duplication and clustering. Viewed together with P450 transcript accumulation patterns in three tested growth conditions, these observations were consistent with the unique Ab lifestyle. Based on tandem gene arrangements, a certain degree of gene duplication seems to have occurred in this fungus in the copper radical oxidase (CRO) and the laccase gene families. In Ab, high transcript levels and regulation of the heme-thiolate peroxidases, two manganese peroxidases and the three GLX-like genes are likely in response to complex natural substrates, including lignocellulose and its derivatives, thereby suggesting an important role in lignin degradation. On the other hand, the expression patterns of the related CROs suggest a developmental role in this fungus. Based on these observations, a brief comparative genomic overview of the Ab oxidative enzyme machinery is presented.

{Database Provider}: Web of Sciencedirect

{Language}: English

{Reference Type}: Journal Article

{Author}:Shichang Chen；Cuiwei Qiu；Tao Huang；Weiwei Zhou；Yuancheng Qi；Yuqian Gao；Jinwen Shen；Liyou Qiu

{Year}: 2013

{Title}: Effect of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase producing bacteria on the hyphal growth and primordium initiation of Agaricus bisporus

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{Journal}:

{Volume}: 6

{Issue}: 1

{Pages}: 110-118

{ISBN/ISSN}:1754-5048

{Keywords}: Agarius bisporus；1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase producing bacteria；Casing soil；Ethylene；Synergism

{Abstract}:The mechanism of casing soil stimulating the primordium formation of Agaricus bisporus is not well understood so far. Our results showed that 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (AcdS)-producing bacteria were abundant in the casing soil of A. bisporus and accounted for up to 20  % of total culturable bacteria. A. bisporus produced ACC and ethylene. The supplement of methionine increased the ACC concentrations within the hyphae, and aminooxyacetic acid displayed an opposite effect. Methionine and ACC promoted the ethylene production while CoCl2 suppressed the production. The AcdS-producing bacterial strain Pseudomonas putida UW4 co-cultured with A. bisporus could attach to hyphae, stimulate the hyphal growth, and reduce the ethylene production of A. bisporus. Added in sterilized casing soil, it induced the primordium formation of A. bisporus. In comparison, its AcdS-deficient mutant UW4-AcdS− displayed the opposite effects. These results indicated that the inhibitor to the primordium formation of A. bisporus was ethylene; the AcdS-producing bacteria within the casing layer cleaved ACC, lowered the ethylene level in mushroom hyphae, and relieved the inhibition of ethylene. This is a new model of the synergism between bacteria and fungi.

{Database Provider}: Web of Sciencedirect

{Language}: English

{Reference Type}: Journal Article

{Author}: Jan Borovička；Martin Mihaljevič；Milan Gryndler；Jaroslava Kubrová；Anna Žigová；Hana Hršelová；Zdeněk Řanda

{Year}: 2014

{Title}: Lead isotopic signatures of saprotrophic macrofungi of various origins: Tracing for lead sources and possible applications in geomycology

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{Volume}: 43

{Issue}: 0

{Pages}: 114-120

{ISBN/ISSN}: 0883-2927

{Abstract}:Four saprotrophic species of macrofungi (Leucoagaricus leucothites, Agaricus bernardii, Agaricus campestris and Agaricus xanthodermus) were collected from 4 sites in the Czech Republic and analyzed for Pb content and Pb isotopic composition. Lead concentrations were relatively high in L. leucothites (up to 130 mg kg−1) collected in site heavily polluted by a lead smelter, but much lower (0.2–6.5 mg kg−1) in samples of the Agaricus species collected from urban, rural and pristine areas, respectively. The 206Pb/207Pb isotopic ratio in fruit bodies had a wide range of variation, and except for the smelter-polluted site in Příbram, did not reflect that in the organomineral topsoil horizons at particular sites. In the urban area of Prague, a detailed study of Pb uptake was conducted. The 206Pb/207Pb isotopic ratio in 19 samples of A. bernardii varied in a surprisingly wide range, from 1.124 to 1.175. In 5 specimens, the majority of “accumulated” Pb was undoubtedly transported from the topsoil layers (0–5 cm) characterized by low 206Pb/207Pb isotopic ratios, corresponding with gasoline-derived Pb from traffic emissions. In most samples, however, lead must have been transported from lower depths. Since the mycelium of A. bernardii was not restricted to the topsoil but could be detected both visually and using specific PCR even in a depth of 30 cm, such uptake appears to be possible. At suitable sites, Pb isotopes might represent an interesting tool for tracing the fungal uptake and transport of Pb in soils.

{Database Provider}: Web of Sciencedirect

{Language}: English