{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Sillo, Fabiano; Gissi, Carmela; Chignoli, Daniele; Ragni, Enrico; Popolo, Laura; Balestrini, Raffaella
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Expression and phylogenetic analyses of the Gel/Gas proteins of Tuber melanosporum provide insights into the function and evolution of glucan remodeling enzymes in fungi
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087184513000273
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Fungal Genetics and Biology
{Volume}: 53
{Issue}: 0
{Pages}: 10-21
{Date Displayed}: 2013/4//
{Alternate Title}: Fungal Genetics and Biology
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1087-1845
{Keywords}: Mycorrhizal fungi; GH72 family; Glucanosyltransferases; Cell wall; Fruiting body; Tuber melanosporum
{Abstract}: The β(1,3)-glucanosyltransferases of the GH72 family are redundant enzymes that are essential for the formation and dynamic remodeling of the fungal wall during different stages of the life cycle. Four putative genes encoding glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored β(1,3)-glucanosyltransferases, designated TmelGEL1, TmelGEL2, TmelGEL4 and TmelGAS4, have been annotated in the genome of Tuber melanosporum, an ectomycorrhizal fungus that also produces a hypogeous fruiting body (FB) of great commercial value (black truffle). This work focuses on the characterization and expression of this multigene family by taking advantage of a laser microdissection (LMD) technology that has been used to separate two distinct compartments in the FB, the hyphae and the asci containing the ascospores. Of the four genes, TmelGEL1 was the most up-regulated in the FB compared to the free-living mycelium. Inside the FB, the expression of TmelGEL1 was restricted to the hyphal compartment. A phylogenetic analysis of the Gel/Gas protein family of T. melanosporum was also carried out. A total of 237 GH72 proteins from 51 Ascomycotina and 3 Basidiomycota (outgroup) species were analyzed. The resulting tree provides insight into the evolution of the T. melanosporum proteins and identifies new GH72 paralogs/subfamilies. Moreover, it represents a starting point to formulate new hypotheses on the significance of the striking GH72 gene redundancy in fungal biology.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Cheng, C. K.; Au, C. H.; Wilke, S. K.; Stajich, J. E.; Zolan, M. E.; Pukkila, P. J.; Kwan, H. S.
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: 5'-Serial Analysis of Gene Expression studies reveal a transcriptomic switch during fruiting body development in Coprinopsis cinerea
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=23514374&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: BMC Genomics
{Volume}: 14
{Pages}: 195
{DOI}: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-195
{Date Displayed}: 2013
{Date}: 2013-01-20
{Type of Work}: Journal Article
{Accession Number}: 23514374
{Abstract}: BACKGROUND: The transition from the vegetative mycelium to the primordium during   fruiting body development is the most complex and critical developmental event in the life cycle of many basidiomycete fungi. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this process has long been a goal of research on basidiomycetes. Large scale assessment of the expressed transcriptomes of these developmental stages will facilitate the generation of a more comprehensive picture of the mushroom fruiting process. In this study, we coupled 5'-Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (5'-SAGE) to high-throughput pyrosequencing from 454   Life Sciences to analyze the transcriptomes and identify up-regulated genes among vegetative mycelium (Myc) and stage 1 primordium (S1-Pri) of Coprinopsis cinerea   during fruiting body development. RESULTS: We evaluated the expression of >3,000   genes in the two respective growth stages and discovered that almost one-third of these genes were preferentially expressed in either stage. This identified a significant turnover of the transcriptome during the course of fruiting body development. Additionally, we annotated more than 79,000 transcription start sites (TSSs) based on the transcriptomes of the mycelium and stage 1 primoridum stages. Patterns of enrichment based on gene annotations from the GO and KEGG databases indicated that various structural and functional protein families were   uniquely employed in either stage and that during primordial growth, cellular metabolism is highly up-regulated. Various signaling pathways such as the cAMP-PKA, MAPK and TOR pathways were also identified as up-regulated, consistent   with the model that sensing of nutrient levels and the environment are important   in this developmental transition. More than 100 up-regulated genes were also found to be unique to mushroom forming basidiomycetes, highlighting the novelty of fruiting body development in the fungal kingdom. CONCLUSIONS: We implicated a   wealth of new candidate genes important to early stages of mushroom fruiting development, though their precise molecular functions and biological roles are not yet fully known. This study serves to advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of fruiting body development in the model mushroom C. cinerea.
{Author Address}: Food Research Centre and Food and Nutrition Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, S,A,R,, Hong Kong. hskwan@eservices.cuhk.edu.hk.
{Language}: eng

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Cheng, Chi Keung; Au, Chun Hang; Wilke, Sarah K.; Stajich, Jason E.; Zolan, Miriam E.; Pukkila, Patricia J.; Kwan, Hoi Shan
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: 5'-Serial Analysis of Gene Expression studies reveal a transcriptomic switch during fruiting body development in Coprinopsis cinerea - Springer
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: BMC Genomics
{DOI}: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-195
{Date}: 2013-01-01
{Abstract}: Background</h3><p class="a-plus-plus">The transition from the vegetative mycelium to the primordium during fruiting body development is the most complex and critical developmental event in the life cycle of many basidiomycete fungi. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this process has long been a goal of research on basidiomycetes. Large scale assessment of the expressed transcriptomes of these developmental stages will facilitate the generation of a more comprehensive picture of the mushroom fruiting process. In this study, we coupled 5'-Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (5'-SAGE) to high-throughput pyrosequencing from 454 Life Sciences to analyze the transcriptomes and identify up-regulated genes among vegetative mycelium (Myc) and stage 1 primordium (S1-Pri) of <em class="a-plus-plus">Coprinopsis cinerea</em> during fruiting body development.
{Subject}: Life Sciences, general;Microarrays;Proteomics;Animal Genetics and Genomics;Microbial Genetics and Genomics;Plant Genetics &amp; Genomics