{Reference Type}: Journal Article

{Author}: F T G   S Cardozo；C M Camelini；M N   S Cordeiro；A Mascarello；B G Malagoli；I v Larsen；M J Rossi；R J Nunes；F C Braga；C R Brandt；C M   O Simões

{Year}: 2013

{Title}: Characterization and cytotoxic activity of sulfated derivatives of polysaccharides from Agaricus brasiliensis

{Tag}: 0

{Star}: 0

{Volume}: 57

{Issue}: 0

{Pages}: 265 - 272

{ISBN/ISSN}: 0141-8130

{Keywords}: Agaricus brasiliensis；Sulfated polysaccharide；Chemical characterization；Cytotoxic activity

{Abstract}:Agaricus brasiliensis cell-wall polysaccharides isolated from fruiting body (FR) and mycelium (MI) and their respective sulfated derivatives (FR-S and MI-S) were chemically characterized using elemental analysis, TLC, FT-IR, NMR, HPLC, and thermal analysis. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated against A549 tumor cells by MTT and sulforhodamine assays. The average molecular weight (Mw) of FR and MI was estimated to be 609 and 310 kDa, respectively. FR-S (127 kDa) and MI-S (86 kDa) had lower Mw, probably due to hydrolysis occurring during the sulfation reaction. FR-S and MI-S presented ~14% sulfur content in elemental analysis. Sulfation of samples was characterized by the appearance of two new absorption bands at 1253 and 810 cm−1 in the infrared spectra, related to SO and CSO sulfate groups, respectively. Through 1H and 13C NMR analysis FR-S was characterized as a (1→6)-(1→3)-β-d-glucan fully sulfated at C-4 and C-6 terminal and partially sulfated at C-6 of (1→3)-β-d-glucan moiety. MI-S was shown to be a (1→3)-β-d-gluco-(1→2)-β-d-mannan, partially sulfated at C-2, C-3, C-4, and C-6, and fully sulfated at C-6 of the terminal residues. The combination of high degree of sulfation and low molecular weight was correlated with the increased cytotoxic activity (48 h of treatment) of both FR-S (EC50 = 605.6 μg/mL) and MI-S (EC50 = 342.1 μg/mL) compared to the non-sulfated polysaccharides FR and MI (EC50 > 1500 μg/mL).

{Database Provider}: Web of Sciencedirect

{Language}: English

{Reference Type}: Journal Article

{Author}: Anne-Marie Farnet；Leila Qasemian；Frédérique Peter-Valence；Florence Ruaudel；Jean Michel Savoie；Elisée Ferré

{Year}: 2013

{Title}: Capacity for colonization and degradation of horse manure and wheat-straw-based compost by different strains of Agaricus subrufescens during the first two weeks of cultivation

{Tag}: 0

{Star}: 0

{Volume}: 131

{Issue}: 0

{Pages}: 266-273

{ISBN/ISSN}: 0960-8524

{Keywords}: Mushrooms；Catabolic level physiological profile；CP/MAS NMR of 13C；Lignocellulolytic activities；Substrate microbial communities

{Abstract}:The potential of Agaricus subrufescens strains to colonize and transform horse manure and wheat-straw-based mushroom compost under the physico-chemical conditions typically used for Agaricus bisporus was assessed. Lignocellulolytic activities, H2O2 production and substrate transformation (assessed via CP/MAS NMR of 13C) for certain A. subrufescens strains were similar or even greater than those obtained for an A. bisporus strain used as control. Moreover, the functional diversity of the microbial communities of the substrate was not altered by the growth of A. subrufescens after 2 weeks. These findings obtained with mesocosms simulating the incubation phase of the mushroom production process hold promise for the improvement of cultivation of this tropical Agaricus species on European standard mushroom compost.

{Database Provider}: Web of Sciencedirect

{Language}: English

{Reference Type}: Journal Article

{Author}: Luís Miguel Carvalho；Félix Carvalho；Maria de Lourdes Bastos；Paula Baptista；Nathalie Moreira；Ana Rita Monforte；António César da Silva Ferreira；Paula Guedes de Pinho

{Year}: 2014

{Title}: Non-targeted and targeted analysis of wild toxic and edible mushrooms using gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry

{Tag}: 0

{Star}: 0

{Volume}: 118

{Issue}: 0

{Pages}: 292-303

{ISBN/ISSN}: 0039-9140

{Keywords}: Volatiles；Species discrimination；Edible and toxic wild mushrooms；HS-SPME GC-IT/MS；Targeted and non-targeted analysis；Principal Component Analysis (PCA)；Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA)

{Abstract}:Mushrooms are known all over the world both due to the remarkable gastronomic value of some species and for severe intoxications mediated by other species that are frequently difficult to distinguish from the edible ones, by the common user. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies to discover molecules that can identify mushroom species. In the present work, two GC–MS methodologies were applied in the chemical characterization of 22 mushroom species (12 edible, 3 toxic and 7 potentially toxic) – a multi-target procedure to simultaneously determine amino acids (AA), fatty acids (FA) and sterols by previous derivatization procedure with MSTFA, and a Head Space-Solid Phase Microextraction method to determine volatiles. For both methods, two approaches to data analysis were used: (I) targeted analysis, to identify and quantify AA, FA sterols and volatiles; (II) untargeted analysis, including Principal Component Analysis and Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis, in order to identify metabolites/metabolite pattern with potential species identification and/or differentiation. Multi-target experiment allowed the identification and quantification of twenty one primary metabolites (9 AA, 11 FA and 1 sterol). Furthermore, through untargeted data analysis, it was possible to identify a 5-carbon sugar alcohol structure molecule, which was tentatively identified as xylitol or adonitol, with potential to be a species-marker of the edible Suillus bovinus mushrooms. Volatile profiling studies resulted in the identification of the main volatiles in mushrooms. Untargeted analysis allowed the identification of 6 molecules that can be species- or genus-specific: one secondary metabolite specific to the edible species Lycoperdon perlatum, an ester of hexanoic acid, tentatively identified as allyl or vinyl caproate; and five other secondary metabolites, whose identification was not achieved, which were only detected in Lactarius aurantiacus specimens (edibility/toxicity unknown).

{Database Provider}: Web of Sciencedirect

{Language}: English