{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Sarnthima, Rakrudee; Khammuang, Saranyu
{Year}: 2008
{Title}: Laccase isozymes of Pleurotus sajor-caju culture on husk and bran of black sticky rice and their potential on indigo carmine decolourisation
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
{Volume}: 7
{Issue}: 20
{Pages}: 3734-3739
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1684-5315
{Keywords}: FUNGUS PYCNOPORUS-CINNABARINUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TRAMETES-VILLOSA; GENE; CLONING; EXPRESSION; DECOLOURIZATION; PEROXIDASE; DYES; Black sticky rice; husk; bran; Pleurotus sajor-caju; laccase; isozyme; purification
{Abstract}: Extracellular laccases of Pleurotus sajor-caju grown on solid state medium consisted of husk and bran of black sticky rice, were partially purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. These laccases could be separated into three groups: unboundLac and bound fractions (pool1Lac and pool2Lac). The optimum pH of these laccases was studied using ABTS as substrate. It was found that the pH optimum for unboundLac fell in the range of 3-5 and 3-4 for pool1Lac and pool2Lac. The indigo carmine decolourisation capacity was compared between unboundLac and pool2Lac. It was found that the optimal pH for indigo carmine decolourisation were 5 and 3 for unboundLac and pool2Lac, respectively. In the range of various dye concentrations tested, it was found that indigo carmine at 10 mu M with the enzyme activity of 0.01 U, gave the best dye decolourisation with 40.47% within 120 min for unboundLac and with 18.61% within 150 min for pool2Lac. High amount of enzyme used of these laccases might improve decolourisation ability.
{Author Address}: Mahasarakham Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand; Mahasarakham Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Thailand

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Yin, Yonggang; Liu, Yu; Wang, Shouxian; Li, Huamin; Niu, Liying; Zhao, Shuang; Geng, Xiaoli; Li, Ming; Xu, Feng
{Year}: 2012
{Title}: Cloning and characterization of the pyrG gene of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH
{Volume}: 6
{Issue}: 12
{Pages}: 2869-2877
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1996-0808
{Keywords}: FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; LACCASE; WALKING; PCR; TRANSFORMATION; DECARBOXYLASE; EXPRESSION; STRATEGIES; PROTEIN; Pleurotus ostreatus; Pleurotus eryngii; pyrG; nested PCR; chromosome walking
{Abstract}: Pleurotus spp. are well known and important cultivated mushrooms. However, the pyrG gene in Pleurotus spp., which is used as a bio-safe selective marker in transformation systems, has not yet been characterized. In the present study, nested degenerated PCR was used to clone conserved fragments of the pyrG gene from Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii. Chromosome walking technology was then used to obtain the full-length DNA sequence of pyrG. Finally, reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR was used to obtain the pyrG cDNA sequence. The cDNA sequence of P. ostreatus and P. eryngii were all 813 bp in length and encoded 246 amino acids. Comparison of the DNA sequences with cDNA sequences of both P. ostreatus and P. eryngii indicated that pyrG genes of these two strains consisted of two introns and their deduced amino acid sequence showed 93.09% similarity. Moreover, the 5'-flanking region of these two genes was analyzed.
{Author Address}: Agr Univ Hebei, Coll Hort, Baoding 071001, Hebei, Peoples R China; Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China; Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China; Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China; China Agr Univ, Coll Biol Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China; Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China; Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China; Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China; Agr Univ Hebei, Coll Hort, Baoding 071001, Hebei, Peoples R China; Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Peoples R China; Peoples R China; Peoples R China

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Wen, TingChi; Li, MinFeng; Kang, JiChuan; He, Jing
{Year}: 2012
{Title}: A molecular genetic study on fruiting-body formation of Cordyceps militaris
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH
{Volume}: 6
{Issue}: 24
{Pages}: 5215-5221
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1996-0808
{Keywords}: MATING SYSTEM; CELLS; Cordyceps militaris; molecular genetics; genetic variation; homothallism; heterothallism; fruiting-body
{Abstract}: In the fungal genus Cordyceps, the type species C. militaris produces bioactive ingredients and exhibits medicinal effects as a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Currently, the fruiting-body of C. militaris has been artificially mass-produced as functional food and medicine in China. The unstable variation in forming fruiting-body is however a restriction in the production. The genetic study on perithecial stromata (fruiting-body) formation in vitro of C. militaris has not yet been reported. In this study, we report the effect of genetic variation including possession of the mating system on perithecial stromata formation of C. militaris. The results showed that the mono-conidial isolates with both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 (genotype MAT1-1/2) produced stromata. While the isolates having only either MAT1-1-1 or MAT1-2-1 failed to produce stromata. Despite obvious heterothallism, homothallism was occasionally observed in a few isolates of C. militaris. Genetic variation was observed amongst the different mono-conidial isolates of C. militaris. The unstable variation or loss of fruiting-body formation was caused by the inner-specific genetic variation.
{Author Address}: Guizhou Univ, Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr SW Biopharmaceut Resources, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Provinc, Peoples R China; Guizhou Univ, Sch Life Sci, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Provinc, Peoples R China; Guizhou Univ, Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr SW Biopharmaceut Resources, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Provinc, Peoples R China; Guizhou Univ, Sch Life Sci, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Provinc, Peoples R China
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Peoples R China; Peoples R China

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Mabuza, M. L.; Ortmann, G. F.; Wale, E.
{Year}: 2012
{Title}: DETERMINANTS OF FARMERS' PARTICIPATION IN OYSTER MUSHROOM PRODUCTION IN SWAZILAND: IMPLICATIONS FOR PROMOTING A NON-CONVENTIONAL AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AGREKON
{Volume}: 51
{Issue}: 4
{Pages}: 19-40
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0303-1853
{Keywords}: TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION; PLEUROTUS; DIVERSIFICATION; CULTIVATION; EXOGENEITY; INNOVATION; HOUSEHOLD; DECISIONS; MODELS; Mushroom; non-conventional agricultural enterprise; Swaziland
{Abstract}: Despite receiving substantial support from the public and private sectors, the mushroom industry in Swaziland is still characterised by extremely low production volumes largely because few farmers have opted to include the mushroom enterprise in their farming systems. Considering the prevailing conditions that favour oyster mushroom production, there is a need to understand why many farmers are not engaged in this enterprise. This study uses cross-section data to identify factors that influence farmers' decisions of whether or not to participate in oyster mushroom production. Using two-stage probit least squares and two-stage conditional maximum likelihood estimation procedures, the results indicate that apart from the level of farm diversification and farmers' perceptions towards mushrooms, decisions of whether or not to produce are influenced mainly by institutional factors. Bearing in mind that mushrooms are not plants but fungi, farmers are bound to have mixed perceptions towards the enterprise and these perceptions are likely to have an influence on its acceptability. However, as established from the results, with improved awareness, training and mentoring, farmers are likely to develop positive attitudes as they would understand the circumstances associated with the production of edible mushrooms. Evidence drawn from this study suggests that policy interventions aimed at creating an enabling environment for the enterprise may remain ineffective unless they are paralleled by improvements in rural infrastructure and access to markets.
{Author Address}: Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Agr Earth & Environm Sci, ZA-3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Agr Earth & Environm Sci, ZA-3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Agr Earth & Environm Sci, ZA-3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: South Africa