{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Foulongne-Oriol, M.; Rodier, A.; Rousseau, T.; Savoie, J. M.
{Year}: 2012
{Title}: Quantitative trait locus mapping of yield-related components and oligogenic control of the cap color of the button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22267676&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Appl Environ Microbiol
{Volume}: 78
{Issue}: 7
{Pages}: 2422-34
{DOI}: 10.1128/AEM.07516-11
{Date Displayed}: 2012 Apr
{Date}: 2012-04-01
{Type of Work}: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
{Accession Number}: 22267676
{Keywords}: Agaricus/*genetics/physiology; Agriculture/methods; *Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Fungal; Crosses, Genetic; Genes, Fungal; Genetic Linkage; Phenotype; Pigmentation/*genetics; *Quantitative Trait Loci
{Abstract}: As in other crops, yield is an important trait to be selected for in edible mushrooms, but its inheritance is poorly understood. Therefore, we have investigated the complex genetic architecture of yield-related traits in Agaricus bisporus through the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL), using second-generation hybrid progeny derived from a cross between a wild strain and a commercial cultivar. Yield, average weight per mushroom, number of fruiting bodies per m(2), earliness, and cap color were evaluated in two independent experiments. A total of 23 QTL were detected for 7 yield-related traits. These QTL together explained between 21% (two-flushes yield) and 59% (earliness) of the phenotypic variation. Fifteen QTL (65%) were consistent between the two experiments. Four regions underlying significant QTL controlling yield, average weight, and number were detected on linkage groups II, III, IV, and X, suggesting a pleiotropic effect or tight linkage. Up to six QTL were identified for earliness. The PPC1 locus, together with two additional genomic regions, explained up to 90% of the phenotypic variation of the cap color. Alleles from the wild parent showed beneficial effects for some yield traits, suggesting that   the wild germ plasm is a valuable source of variation for several agronomic traits. Our results constitute a key step toward marker-assisted selection and provide a solid foundation to go further into the biological mechanisms controlling productive traits in the button mushroom.
{Author Address}: INRA, Mycologie et Securite des Aliments, Villenave d'Ornon, France. mfoulong@bordeaux.inra.fr
{Language}: eng

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Foulongne-Oriol, M.; Rodier, A.; Savoie, J. M.
{Year}: 2012
{Title}: Relationship between yield components and partial resistance to Lecanicillium fungicola in the button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, assessed by quantitative trait locus mapping
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22247161&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Appl Environ Microbiol
{Volume}: 78
{Issue}: 7
{Pages}: 2435-42
{DOI}: 10.1128/AEM.07554-11
{Date Displayed}: 2012 Apr
{Date}: 2012-04-01
{Type of Work}: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
{Accession Number}: 22247161
{Keywords}: Agaricus/genetics/*growth & development/*immunology; Agriculture/methods; *Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Fungal/*genetics; Crosses, Genetic; *Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics/immunology; Hypocreales/*pathogenicity; Phenotype; Quantitative Trait Loci/*genetics/immunology
{Abstract}: Dry bubble, caused by Lecanicillium fungicola, is one of the most detrimental diseases affecting button mushroom cultivation. In a previous study, we demonstrated that breeding for resistance to this pathogen is quite challenging due to its quantitative inheritance. A second-generation hybrid progeny derived from an intervarietal cross between a wild strain and a commercial cultivar was characterized for L. fungicola resistance under artificial inoculation in three independent experiments. Analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) was used to determine the locations, numbers, and effects of genomic regions associated with   dry-bubble resistance. Four traits related to resistance were analyzed. Two to four QTL were detected per trait, depending on the experiment. Two genomic regions, on linkage group X (LGX) and LGVIII, were consistently detected in the three experiments. The genomic region on LGX was detected for three of the four variables studied. The total phenotypic variance accounted for by all QTL ranged   from 19.3% to 42.1% over all traits in all experiments. For most of the QTL, the   favorable allele for resistance came from the wild parent, but for some QTL, the   allele that contributed to a higher level of resistance was carried by the cultivar. Comparative mapping with QTL for yield-related traits revealed five colocations between resistance and yield component loci, suggesting that the resistance results from both genetic factors and fitness expression. The consequences for mushroom breeding programs are discussed.
{Author Address}: INRA, Mycologie et Securite des Aliments, Villenave d'Ornon, France. mfoulong@bordeaux.inra.fr
{Language}: eng

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Linde, C. C.; Selmes, H.
{Year}: 2012
{Title}: Genetic diversity and mating type distribution of Tuber melanosporum and their significance to truffle cultivation in artificially planted truffieres in Australia
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22773652&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Appl Environ Microbiol
{Volume}: 78
{Issue}: 18
{Pages}: 6534-9
{DOI}: 10.1128/AEM.01558-12
{Date Displayed}: 2012 Sep
{Date}: 2012-09-01
{Type of Work}: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
{Accession Number}: 22773652
{Keywords}: Ascomycota/*classification/genetics/*growth & development; Australia; DNA, Fungal/genetics; *Food Microbiology; *Genes, Mating Type, Fungal; *Genetic Variation; Microsatellite Repeats; Molecular Typing; Mycological Typing Techniques
{Abstract}: Tuber melanosporum is a truffle native to Europe and is cultivated in countries such as Australia for the gastronomic market, where production yields are often lower than expected. We assessed the genetic diversity of T. melanosporum with six microsatellite loci to assess the effect of genetic drift on truffle yield in Australia. Genetic diversity as assessed on 210 ascocarps revealed a higher allelic diversity compared to previous studies from Europe, suggesting a possible genetic expansion and/or multiple and diverse source populations for inoculum. The results also suggest that the single sequence repeat diversity of locus ME2 is adaptive and that, for example, the probability of replication errors is increased for this locus. Loss of genetic diversity in Australian populations is   therefore not a likely factor in limiting ascocarp production. A survey of nursery seedlings and trees inoculated with T. melanosporum revealed that <70% of seedlings and host trees were colonized with T. melanosporum and that some trees   had been contaminated by Tuber brumale, presumably during the inoculation process. Mating type (MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1) analyses on seedling and four- to ten-year-old host trees found that 100% of seedlings but only approximately half   of host trees had both mating types present. Furthermore, MAT1-1-1 was detected significantly more commonly than MAT1-2-1 in established trees, suggesting a competitive advantage for MAT1-1-1 strains. This study clearly shows that there are more factors involved in ascocarp production than just the presence of both mating types on host trees.
{Author Address}: Evolution, Ecology, and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. celeste.linde@anu.edu.au
{Language}: eng

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Perez, G.; Pangilinan, J.; Pisabarro, A. G.; Ramirez, L.
{Year}: 2009
{Title}: Telomere organization in the ligninolytic basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19114509&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Appl Environ Microbiol
{Volume}: 75
{Issue}: 5
{Pages}: 1427-36
{DOI}: 10.1128/AEM.01889-08
{Date Displayed}: 2009 Mar
{Date}: 2009-03-01
{Type of Work}: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
{Accession Number}: 19114509
{Keywords}: Alcohol Dehydrogenase/genetics; Chromosome Mapping; DNA, Fungal/chemistry/genetics; Fungal Proteins/genetics; Laccase/genetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Pleurotus/*genetics; Polymorphism, Genetic; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Telomere/*genetics
{Abstract}: Telomeres are structural and functional chromosome regions that are essential for the cell cycle to proceed normally. They are, however, difficult to map genetically and to identify in genome-wide sequence programs because of their structure and repetitive nature. We studied the telomeric and subtelomeric organization in the basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus using a combination of molecular and bioinformatics tools that permitted us to determine 19 out of the 22 telomeres expected in this fungus. The telomeric repeating unit in P. ostreatus is TTAGGG, and the numbers of repetitions of this unit range between 25 and 150. The mapping of the telomere restriction fragments to linkage groups 6 and 7 revealed polymorphisms compatible with those observed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis separation of the corresponding chromosomes. The subtelomeric regions in Pleurotus contain genes similar to those described in other eukaryotic systems. The presence of a cluster of laccase genes in chromosome 6 and a bipartite structure containing a Het-related protein and an alcohol dehydrogenase are especially relevant; this bipartite structure is characteristic of the Pezizomycotina fungi Neurospora crassa and Aspergillus terreus. As far as we know, this is the first report describing the presence of such structures in basidiomycetes and the location of a laccase gene cluster in the subtelomeric region, where, among others, species-specific genes allowing the organism to adapt rapidly to the environment usually map.
{Author Address}: Genetics and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Agrarian Production, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
{Language}: eng