{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Patel, H.; Gupte, A.; Gupte, S.
{Year}: 2009
{Title}: Biodegradation of fluoranthene by basidiomycetes fungal isolate Pleurotus ostreatus HP-1
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=18574565&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Appl Biochem Biotechnol
{Volume}: 157
{Issue}: 3
{Pages}: 367-76
{DOI}: 10.1007/s12010-008-8286-0
{Date Displayed}: 2009 Jun
{Date}: 2009-06-01
{Type of Work}: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
{Accession Number}: 18574565
{Keywords}: *Biodegradation, Environmental; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Fluorenes/chemistry/*metabolism; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pleurotus/classification/genetics/*metabolism; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/chemistry/metabolism; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics; RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics; RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/genetics; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
{Abstract}: The biodegradation of fluoranthene, a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), was investigated in submerged culture using the wood decaying   fungus isolated from forest locality in Gujarat, India. The basidiomycete fungal   isolate was found to have an ability to grow on sabaroud dextrose agar containing 50 mgl(-1) of each naphthalene, anthracene, acenaphthene, benzo (a) anthracene, pyrene, flouranthene, carbazole, and biphenyl. The involvement of extracellular fungal peroxidases such as manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase (Phenol oxidase) in the degradation of fluoranthene was studied. On the eighth day of incubation 54.09% of 70 mg l(-1) fluoranthene was removed. There after no PAHs removal was observed till the 20th day of the incubation period. The isolate was   identified as Pleurotus ostreatus by 18S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and partial 28S rRNA gene sequencing. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time Pleurotus ostreatus have been reported to degrade such a high concentration of fluoranthene within much lower time period of incubation. Depletion in the residual fluoranthene in the culture medium was determined by HPLC. Attempts were made to   identify the degradation product in the culture medium with the help of FT-IR, NMR, and HPTLC analysis. In the present study positive correlation between fluoranthene degradation and the ligninolytic enzyme (MnP and laccase) production is observed, thus this isolate can play an effective role for bioremediation of PAHs contaminated sites.
{Author Address}: Department of Microbiology, N.V. Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 20, Gujarat, India.
{Language}: eng

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Castanera, R.; Perez, G.; Omarini, A.; Alfaro, M.; Pisabarro, A. G.; Faraco, V.; Amore, A.; Ramirez, L.
{Year}: 2012
{Title}: Transcriptional and enzymatic profiling of Pleurotus ostreatus laccase genes in submerged and solid-state fermentation cultures
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22467498&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Appl Environ Microbiol
{Volume}: 78
{Issue}: 11
{Pages}: 4037-45
{DOI}: 10.1128/AEM.07880-11
{Date Displayed}: 2012 Jun
{Date}: 2012-06-01
{Type of Work}: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
{Accession Number}: 22467498
{Keywords}: Biotechnology/methods; Culture Media; Fermentation; Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism; Gene Expression Profiling; *Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Laccase/genetics/*metabolism; Mycology/methods; Pleurotus/*enzymology/genetics/*growth & development; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
{Abstract}: The genome of the white rot basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus includes 12 phenol   oxidase (laccase) genes. In this study, we examined their expression profiles in   different fungal strains under different culture conditions (submerged and solid   cultures) and in the presence of a wheat straw extract, which was used as an inducer of the laccase gene family. We used a reverse transcription-quantitative   PCR (RT-qPCR)-based approach and focused on determining the reaction parameters (in particular, the reference gene set for the normalization and reaction efficiency determinations) used to achieve an accurate estimation of the relative gene expression values. The results suggested that (i) laccase gene transcription is upregulated in the induced submerged fermentation (iSmF) cultures but downregulated in the solid fermentation (SSF) cultures, (ii) the Lacc2 and Lacc10 genes are the main sources of laccase activity in the iSmF cultures upon induction with water-soluble wheat straw extracts, and (iii) an additional, as-yet-uncharacterized activity (Unk1) is specifically induced in SSF cultures that complements the activity of Lacc2 and Lacc10. Moreover, both the enzymatic laccase activities and the Lacc gene family transcription profiles greatly differ between closely related strains. These differences can be targeted for biotechnological breeding programs for enzyme production in submerged fermentation reactors.
{Author Address}: Department of Agrarian Production, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.
{Language}: eng

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Okuda, Y.; Ueda, J.; Obatake, Y.; Murakami, S.; Fukumasa, Y.; Matsumoto, T.
{Year}: 2012
{Title}: Construction of a genetic linkage map based on amplified fragment length polymorphism markers and development of sequence-tagged site markers for marker-assisted selection of the sporeless trait in the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii)
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22210222&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Appl Environ Microbiol
{Volume}: 78
{Issue}: 5
{Pages}: 1496-504
{DOI}: 10.1128/AEM.07052-11
{Date Displayed}: 2012 Mar
{Date}: 2012-03-01
{Type of Work}: Journal Article
{Accession Number}: 22210222
{Keywords}: DNA, Fungal/chemistry/genetics; Expressed Sequence Tags; *Genes, Fungal; *Genetic Linkage; Genetic Markers; Pleurotus/*genetics; *Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; *Sequence Tagged Sites; Spores, Fungal/genetics
{Abstract}: A large number of spores from fruiting bodies can lead to allergic reactions and   other problems during the cultivation of edible mushrooms, including Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quel. A cultivar harboring a sporulation-deficient (sporeless) mutation would be useful for preventing these problems, but traditional breeding   requires extensive time and labor. In this study, using a sporeless P. eryngii strain, we constructed a genetic linkage map to introduce a molecular breeding program like marker-assisted selection. Based on the segregation of 294 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, two mating type factors, and the sporeless   trait, the linkage map consisted of 11 linkage groups with a total length of 837.2 centimorgans (cM). The gene region responsible for the sporeless trait was   located in linkage group IX with 32 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers and the B mating type factor. We also identified eight markers closely linked (within 1.2 cM) to the sporeless locus using bulked-segregant analysis-based amplified fragment length polymorphism. One such amplified fragment length polymorphism marker was converted into two sequence-tagged site markers, SD488-I and SD488-II. Using 14 wild isolates, sequence-tagged site analysis indicated the potential usefulness of the combination of two sequence-tagged site markers in cross-breeding of the sporeless strain. It also suggested that a map constructed for P. eryngii has adequate accuracy for marker-assisted selection.
{Author Address}: Tottori University, Tottori, Japan. yasujin6@hotmail.com
{Language}: eng

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Salame, T. M.; Knop, D.; Tal, D.; Levinson, D.; Yarden, O.; Hadar, Y.
{Year}: 2012
{Title}: Predominance of a versatile-peroxidase-encoding gene, mnp4, as demonstrated by gene replacement via a gene targeting system for Pleurotus ostreatus
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22636004&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Appl Environ Microbiol
{Volume}: 78
{Issue}: 15
{Pages}: 5341-52
{DOI}: 10.1128/AEM.01234-12
{Date Displayed}: 2012 Aug
{Date}: 2012-08-01
{Type of Work}: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
{Accession Number}: 22636004
{Keywords}: Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal/genetics/*physiology; Gene Targeting/*methods; Genes, Fungal/*genetics; Homologous Recombination/*genetics; Multigene Family/genetics; Peroxidases/*genetics; Pleurotus/*genetics; RNA Interference; Transformation, Genetic
{Abstract}: Pleurotus ostreatus (the oyster mushroom) and other white rot filamentous basidiomycetes are key players in the global carbon cycle. P. ostreatus is also a commercially important edible fungus with medicinal properties and is important for biotechnological and environmental applications. Efficient gene targeting via homologous recombination (HR) is a fundamental tool for facilitating comprehensive gene function studies. Since the natural HR frequency in Pleurotus   transformations is low (2.3%), transformed DNA is predominantly integrated ectopically. To overcome this limitation, a general gene targeting system was developed by producing a P. ostreatus PC9 homokaryon Deltaku80 strain, using carboxin resistance complemented by the development of a protocol for hygromycin   B resistance protoplast-based DNA transformation and homokaryon isolation. The Deltaku80 strain exhibited exclusive (100%) HR in the integration of transforming DNA, providing a high efficiency of gene targeting. Furthermore, the Deltaku80 strains produced showed a phenotype similar to that of the wild-type PC9 strain,   with similar growth fitness, ligninolytic functionality, and capability of mating with the incompatible strain PC15 to produce a dikaryon which retained its resistance to the corresponding selection and was capable of producing typical fruiting bodies. The applicability of this system is demonstrated by inactivation of the versatile peroxidase (VP) encoded by mnp4. This enzyme is part of the ligninolytic system of P. ostreatus, being one of the nine members of the manganese-peroxidase (MnP) gene family, and is the predominantly expressed VP in   Mn(2+)-deficient media. mnp4 inactivation provided a direct proof that mnp4 encodes a key VP responsible for the Mn(2+)-dependent and Mn(2+)-independent peroxidase activity under Mn(2+)-deficient culture conditions.
{Author Address}: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
{Language}: eng